Adaptive Reuse of Acehnese Traditional Houses into Cafés: Sustainable Vernacular Conservation Strategies

Abstract

The increasing number of cafés in Banda Aceh reflects a continuing transformation in spatial needs, particularly in the demand for spaces that facilitate both social interaction and economic activity. A significant development within this shift is the adaptive reuse of traditional Acehnese houses (Rumoh Aceh) as cafés. At the same time, many of these heritage structures face abandonment due to societal preference for modern housing and high maintenance costs. This duality raises important questions about how adaptive reuse can preserve the cultural and architectural integrity of these traditional dwellings. This study examines five selected Rumoh Aceh in Banda Aceh that have been transformed into cafés, assessing their contribution to the sustainable conservation of vernacular heritage. The research employs a qualitative method with diachronic–synchronic morphological analysis to examine historical transformations and assess current spatial conditions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and visual documentation, and were analyzed using adaptive reuse typologies and the shearing layers framework. The study aims to identify adaptive reuse strategies that support functional transformation while preserving cultural identity. These strategies include maintaining spatial hierarchies, applying context-sensitive interventions, and conserving essential architectural components such as timber structures, layouts, and orientation. The findings indicate that structural elements such as stilt foundations, timber posts, and roof frames are generally preserved, while adjustments focus on services, spatial arrangements, and furnishings. Despite varying degrees of intervention, adaptive reuse has extended the life cycle of Rumoh Aceh and ensured their relevance in the contemporary urban context.