Green Open Space and Its Role in Regulating Thermal Comfort Based on THI Analysis in a Tropical Campus Environment
Keywords:
Green Open Space, Microclimate, Thermal Comfort, Urban Heat Island, VegetationAbstract
Green open space (GOS) plays an important role in regulating the microclimate and enhancing thermal comfort in tropical campus environments. This study examined the distribution of vegetation and its impact on thermal comfort at Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Vegetation cover was analyzed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), while field measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were conducted at ten observation points across three zones of the Faculty of Engineering campus. The results showed that low or very sparse vegetation occupied 61.87% of the area, while pavement and built surfaces accounted for 22.43%. Moderate vegetation covered 9.06% of the campus, and high-density tree canopies comprised only 3.63%. Thermal comfort analysis based on the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) revealed notable variation across zones. Zone B, characterized by extensive shading from vegetation, recorded the lowest average temperatures and the most comfortable THI values, while Zones A and C, dominated by built-up surfaces with minimal vegetation, experienced the highest thermal stress. These findings confirmed that vegetation density and distribution strongly influenced thermal comfort by lowering air temperature, maintaining humidity, and moderating airflow. The study underscored the critical importance of green open space planning in mitigating heat stress on tropical university campuses and provided practical recommendations for sustainable campus development.
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